Asia

• Himalaya (Nepal, India, Bhutan, Pakistan, China)

• Karakoram (Pakistan / China)

• Hindu Kush (Afghanistan / Pakistan)

• Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan / Afghanistan / China)

• Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan / Kazakhstan / China / Uzbekistan)

• Altai Mountains (Russia / Mongolia / China / Kazakhstan)

• Kunlun Mountains (China)

• Alborz (Iran)

• Zagros (Iran / Iraq)

• Caucasus (Eurasia: Georgia / Russia / Armenia / Azerbaijan — often treated as Asia/Europe)

• Western Ghats & Nilgiri Hills (India)

• Arakan / Chin Hills & Patkai (Myanmar / NE India)

• Eastern Ghats (India) — lower/easier treks

• Hijaz / Asir (Saudi Arabia)
  (Cited overview of Asian ranges and named examples.)

Europe

• Alps (France / Switzerland / Italy / Austria / Slovenia / Germany / Liechtenstein)

• Pyrenees (Spain / France / Andorra)

• Carpathians (Romania / Slovakia / Poland / Ukraine / Hungary)

• Scandinavian Mountains / Scandes (Norway / Sweden)

• Apennines (Italy)

• Dinaric Alps / Dinarides (Balkans: Slovenia → Albania)

• Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)

• Tatras (Slovakia / Poland, part of Carpathians)

• Caucasus (often listed with Europe; see Asia)

• Urals (Russia — lower but trekkable sections)
  (Cited Europe major ranges list.)

Africa

• Atlas Mountains (Morocco / Algeria / Tunisia)

• Ethiopian Highlands (including Simien Mountains and Bale Mountains)

• Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda / DRC)

• Virunga Mountains (Virunga chain: Rwanda / Uganda / DRC)

• Mount Kenya massif (Kenya)

• Drakensberg / Great Escarpment (South Africa / Lesotho)

• Tibesti and Marrah (central / N Africa volcanic highlands)

• Ahaggar (Hoggar) Range (Sahara: Algeria)

• Cameroon Highlands (including Mount Cameroon)
  (Cited Africa ranges / trekking destinations.)

North America

• Rocky Mountains (Canada / USA) — includes Canadian Rockies & U.S. Rockies

• Sierra Nevada (California, USA)

• Cascade Range (Pacific Northwest, USA / Canada)

• Alaska Range (Alaska)

• Brooks Range (Alaska)

• Appalachian Mountains (eastern USA / Canada) — includes White, Green, Blue Ridge, Catskills etc.

• Sierra Madre Occidental & Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico)

• Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Mexico) — many volcano treks

• Laurentian / Canadian Shield uplands (lower, many day-hikes)
  (Cited North American ranges overviews.)

South America

• Andes (entire backbone; numerous cordilleras and subranges) — notable subranges people trek:

  • Cordillera Blanca (Peru)

  • Cordillera Huayhuash (Peru)

  • Cordillera Real (Bolivia)

  • Patagonian Andes (Chile / Argentina) — Torres del Paine treks, Fitz Roy area

  • Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia)

• Serra do Mar (Brazil) and other coastal ranges with trekking

• Guiana Highlands (including Tepuis in Venezuela) — specialized treks
  (Cited South American ranges / Andes subranges.)

Australia & Oceania

• Great Dividing Range (Australia) — many hikes and long trails (e.g., Overland Track in Tasmania is in related ranges)

• Tasmanian highlands (e.g., Cradle Mountain, Overland Track)

• Southern Alps (New Zealand) — major alpine treks / hut networks

• Central Range / Owen Stanley Range (Papua New Guinea) — remote treks

• New Guinea highlands / Bismarck Range (Papua New Guinea)
  (Cited Oceania mountain ranges guide.)

Antarctica (expeditionary treks / guided climbs)

• Transantarctic Mountains

• Sentinel Range / Ellsworth Mountains (Mount Vinson area)

• Antarctic Peninsula mountain groups (small ranges on the peninsula)
  (Note: Antarctic “treks” are expeditionary, weather-dependent and typically guided; included because guided trekking/approach routes and mountaineering trips occur here.)